No doubt, the history of Jainism in Moodabidri can be traced back to the beginning of 13th century A.D. But it was during 14th - 16th centuries that this city witnessed an unprecedented growth as a center of Jain religion, culture, art and architecture. Not less than 18 Jain temples, Known as Basadis, were constructed during this period.
The most famous among them are Guru basadi, Tribhuvana Tilaka Chudamani Basadi and Ammanavara Basadi. The Guru basadi is believed to be the earliest of the Jain monuments of this place. Lord Parshwanatha the 23rd Thirthankar of Jainism is the presiding deity of this temple. A beautiful stone idol of Parshwanatha, about 3.5 metres tall, is installed in the sanctum of this basadi. It is in this basadi that the rare Jain palm leaf manuscripts of 12th century A.D. known as ‘Dhavala texts’ were discovered.
The Tribhuvana Tilaka Chudamani basadi is the largest of its kind in coastal Karnataka and is considered to be the most ornate of the Jain temples of this region. The large number and variety of pillars in this basadi led the common people to identify this temple as Thousand pillared temple (Savira Kambada Basadi) . This is a huge granite construction originally built in 1430 A.D and was completed in three stages. The 2.5 metres tall bronze image of Lord Chandranatha Swami housed in the sanctum of this basadi is considered to be an image of utmost importance in Jainism. This huge, three storied movement was constructed by the collective effects of the rulers, the Jain Swamiji, merchants and also the common people by this ancient city. The most beautiful part of this temple is the open pillared hall in front, consisting by a rich variety of ornate pillars. The pillars and the roof this open hall are decorated with beautiful and minute carvings typical of Vijayanagara style. The various parts of this huge temple represent the Vijayanagara art at its list. The 15-meter tall freestanding single stone pillar called manasthambha in front of the basadi, is indeed a marvel by art.
There are beautiful images of Jain Trirthankar, Yakshas and Yakshis in every Jain basadi of Moodabidri. The stucco images in the Leppada basadi and Ammanavara Basadi are worth a visit. The Jain tombs and Nyaya basadi at Kodangallu, in the outskirts of Moodabidri are movements of great historical interest.
Moodabidri was a centre of Jain literature too. Ratnakara Varni, the doyen of medieval Kannada literature and the author of Bharatesha Vaibhava belonged to this place. The famous Jain canonical texts known as Dhavala texts and also a number of palm leaf manuscripts of immense literacy value are in the possession of the Jain monastery here.
Moodabidri was also the seat of the Chowta’s, a local Jain ruling family, who were originally ruling from Puthige, a village about 5 km from here. They shifted their capital to Moodabidri in the 17th century, where they constructed a palace, the remains of which can still be seen.
Moodabidri still maintains its old charm as an important Jain centre coastal Karnataka. The city has a large population of Jains who keep the spirit of Jainism still alive. Many Jain festivals are also being celebrated here throughout the year. Moodabidri continues to the most sought after pilgrimage centre of the Jains from all over country.
Thursday, June 24, 2010
moodbidire ಏನು ಹೇಗೆ -@ಮೂಡಬಿದ್ರಿ.ಕಂ
No doubt, the history of Jainism in Moodabidri can be traced back to the beginning of 13th century A.D. But it was during 14th - 16th centuries that this city witnessed an unprecedented growth as a center of Jain religion, culture, art and architecture. Not less than 18 Jain temples, Known as Basadis, were constructed during this period.
The most famous among them are Guru basadi, Tribhuvana Tilaka Chudamani Basadi and Ammanavara Basadi. The Guru basadi is believed to be the earliest of the Jain monuments of this place. Lord Parshwanatha the 23rd Thirthankar of Jainism is the presiding deity of this temple. A beautiful stone idol of Parshwanatha, about 3.5 metres tall, is installed in the sanctum of this basadi. It is in this basadi that the rare Jain palm leaf manuscripts of 12th century A.D. known as ‘Dhavala texts’ were discovered.
The Tribhuvana Tilaka Chudamani basadi is the largest of its kind in coastal Karnataka and is considered to be the most ornate of the Jain temples of this region. The large number and variety of pillars in this basadi led the common people to identify this temple as Thousand pillared temple (Savira Kambada Basadi) . This is a huge granite construction originally built in 1430 A.D and was completed in three stages. The 2.5 metres tall bronze image of Lord Chandranatha Swami housed in the sanctum of this basadi is considered to be an image of utmost importance in Jainism. This huge, three storied movement was constructed by the collective effects of the rulers, the Jain Swamiji, merchants and also the common people by this ancient city. The most beautiful part of this temple is the open pillared hall in front, consisting by a rich variety of ornate pillars. The pillars and the roof this open hall are decorated with beautiful and minute carvings typical of Vijayanagara style. The various parts of this huge temple represent the Vijayanagara art at its list. The 15-meter tall freestanding single stone pillar called manasthambha in front of the basadi, is indeed a marvel by art.
There are beautiful images of Jain Trirthankar, Yakshas and Yakshis in every Jain basadi of Moodabidri. The stucco images in the Leppada basadi and Ammanavara Basadi are worth a visit. The Jain tombs and Nyaya basadi at Kodangallu, in the outskirts of Moodabidri are movements of great historical interest.
Moodabidri was a centre of Jain literature too. Ratnakara Varni, the doyen of medieval Kannada literature and the author of Bharatesha Vaibhava belonged to this place. The famous Jain canonical texts known as Dhavala texts and also a number of palm leaf manuscripts of immense literacy value are in the possession of the Jain monastery here.
Moodabidri was also the seat of the Chowta’s, a local Jain ruling family, who were originally ruling from Puthige, a village about 5 km from here. They shifted their capital to Moodabidri in the 17th century, where they constructed a palace, the remains of which can still be seen.
Moodabidri still maintains its old charm as an important Jain centre coastal Karnataka. The city has a large population of Jains who keep the spirit of Jainism still alive. Many Jain festivals are also being celebrated here throughout the year. Moodabidri continues to the most sought after pilgrimage centre of the Jains from all over country.
The most famous among them are Guru basadi, Tribhuvana Tilaka Chudamani Basadi and Ammanavara Basadi. The Guru basadi is believed to be the earliest of the Jain monuments of this place. Lord Parshwanatha the 23rd Thirthankar of Jainism is the presiding deity of this temple. A beautiful stone idol of Parshwanatha, about 3.5 metres tall, is installed in the sanctum of this basadi. It is in this basadi that the rare Jain palm leaf manuscripts of 12th century A.D. known as ‘Dhavala texts’ were discovered.
The Tribhuvana Tilaka Chudamani basadi is the largest of its kind in coastal Karnataka and is considered to be the most ornate of the Jain temples of this region. The large number and variety of pillars in this basadi led the common people to identify this temple as Thousand pillared temple (Savira Kambada Basadi) . This is a huge granite construction originally built in 1430 A.D and was completed in three stages. The 2.5 metres tall bronze image of Lord Chandranatha Swami housed in the sanctum of this basadi is considered to be an image of utmost importance in Jainism. This huge, three storied movement was constructed by the collective effects of the rulers, the Jain Swamiji, merchants and also the common people by this ancient city. The most beautiful part of this temple is the open pillared hall in front, consisting by a rich variety of ornate pillars. The pillars and the roof this open hall are decorated with beautiful and minute carvings typical of Vijayanagara style. The various parts of this huge temple represent the Vijayanagara art at its list. The 15-meter tall freestanding single stone pillar called manasthambha in front of the basadi, is indeed a marvel by art.
There are beautiful images of Jain Trirthankar, Yakshas and Yakshis in every Jain basadi of Moodabidri. The stucco images in the Leppada basadi and Ammanavara Basadi are worth a visit. The Jain tombs and Nyaya basadi at Kodangallu, in the outskirts of Moodabidri are movements of great historical interest.
Moodabidri was a centre of Jain literature too. Ratnakara Varni, the doyen of medieval Kannada literature and the author of Bharatesha Vaibhava belonged to this place. The famous Jain canonical texts known as Dhavala texts and also a number of palm leaf manuscripts of immense literacy value are in the possession of the Jain monastery here.
Moodabidri was also the seat of the Chowta’s, a local Jain ruling family, who were originally ruling from Puthige, a village about 5 km from here. They shifted their capital to Moodabidri in the 17th century, where they constructed a palace, the remains of which can still be seen.
Moodabidri still maintains its old charm as an important Jain centre coastal Karnataka. The city has a large population of Jains who keep the spirit of Jainism still alive. Many Jain festivals are also being celebrated here throughout the year. Moodabidri continues to the most sought after pilgrimage centre of the Jains from all over country.
ಮೂಡಬಿದಿರೆಯ ಹೆಮ್ಮೆಯ ಮಗಳು ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ
Abbakka Rani : The Unsung Warrior Queen
Shri Kailash Kr. Mishra
"Abbakka rode the horse stately and worked deep into the night dispensing justice. She is the last known person to have Agnivana (fire arrow)."
The Arabian Sea water that splashes the shores of Ullal near Mangalore in Karnataka could tell you the story of Abbakka Rani, locally known as Abbakka Mahadevi. Such is her personality in the region that she has become a folk legend. Abbakka Rani is one of the earliest freedom fighters of India who resisted the Portuguese.
The regions where Abbakka was queen is known as Tulunadu. Rani Abbakka was queen is known as Tulunadu. Rani Abbakka, though a Queen of a little known small princely state, Ullal, was magnetic woman of indomitable courage and patriotism. While Rani Jhansi has become a symbol of courage, Abbakka, nearly 300 years her predecessor, has been largely forgotten by history. Her furious wars with Portuguese are not well recorded. But whatever is available speaks of a luminous personality of awesome valour and bravery.
Sources, such as archival records, travelogues of several Portuguese travelers and historical analysis confirm that there were three Abbakkas: mother and two daughters, who fought against the Portuguese Army between 1530 and 1599.
Though it is the second daughter who was the most courageous, the folklore treats all three Abbakkas as one great Queen and a brilliant personality Abbakka Mahadevi or Rani Abbakka. In this article also she is being treated as a single character - Abbakka Rani.
Ullal fort, the capital of Abbakka's kingdom, is located just a few kilometers away from the city of Mangalore, on the shores of the Arabian Sea. It is a historical as well as a pilgrim spot because of the beautiful Shiva Temple built by the Queen and a unique natural rock, called the Rudra Rock. The rock appears to change colours every second, as the sweater splashes on it.
According to local legends. Abbakka was an extraordinary child and as she grew up showed signs of being a visionary. there was no equal to her in military science and warfare, mainly in archery and sword fighting. Her father encouraged her in this and after she was well versed in all areas, she was married to a neighbouring local king of Bangher. The marriage did no last long with Abbakka breaking the ties by returning the jewels given by his to her. The husband thus nurtured revenge against Abbakka and later on joined the Portuguese in a treaty, to fight Abbakka.
The Portuguese had made several attempts to capture Ullal, strategically placed. But Abbakka had repulsed each of their attack with sheer courage and ingenuity. The queen's story is retold from generation to generation through folk songs and yakshagana, the popular folk theatre, In bootaradhana, (which literally means appeasing the possessed, a local ritual dance) the personal in trance narrates the great deeds of Abbakka Mahadevi. Abbakka, dark and good looking, always dressed in simple clothes like a common village woman. She rode the horse stately and worked deep into the night dispensing justice.
According to the folklore, Abbakka is the last known person to have the Agnivana (fire-arrow) in her fight against the Portuguese. Though Abbakka was a Jain by faith her administration was well represented by Hindus and Muslims. Her army too consisted of people from all sects and caste including Moggaveeras, a fisher folk community. The first attack by the Portuguese in south Kanara coast was in 1525, when they destroyed the Mangalore port. Rani Abbakka was alerted by the incident and started preparing herself to protect her kingdom. In 1555, the Portuguese sent Admiral Don Alvaro da Silvereira against the Queen of Ullal Abbakka Devi Chowta who had refused to pay them the tribute. She fought with courage and intelligence and pushed them back.
In 1558 the Portuguese Army perpetrated another wanton cruelty on Mangalore, putting to death a number of men and women, both young and old, plundering a temple, burning ships and finally setting the city itself on fire.
Again, in 1567, the Portuguese army attacked Ullal, showering death and destruction. The great Queen Abbakka Devi Chowta (Bucadevi I) resisted it.
The same year one general Joao Peixoto was sent by the Portuguese Viceroy Antony Norohna with a fleet of soldiers. He captured the city of Ullal and also entered the royal court. However the Queen escaped and took asylum in a mosque. The same night, she counter-attacked the Portuguese army, with a help of 200 of her soldiers and killed General Peixoto and 70 Portuguese soldiers.
The invaders were forced to flee to their ships in disgrace. The Portuguese soldiers who remained in Ullal were dead drunk, in over confidence and were dancing. Taking advantage of this opportunity, about 500 Muslim supporters of Abbakka Rani attacked the Portuguese and killed Admiral Mascarenhas along with the help six thousand Muslim soldiers in 1568, and the foreign army had to leave the Mangalore fort.
In 1569, the Portuguese Army not only regained the Mangalore Fort but also captured Kundapur (Basrur). Abbakka Rani was a source of threat to the Portuguese. They won the confidence of Abbakka's estranged husband, kind of Bangher and started attacking Ulla. Abbakka Rani fought vigorously.
She formed an alliance in 1570 with Bijapur Sultan Ahmed Nagar and the Zanmorine of Calicut, who where also opposing the Portuguese. Kutty Pokar Markar, a general of the Zamorine fought on behalf of Abbakka and destroyed the Portuguese fort at Mangalore but while returning he was killed by the Portuguese.
Abbakka lost the war as her husband assisted the Portuguese by revealing to them her strategies of warfare, which he was familiar with. She was arrested and jailed. However, the warrior that she was, she was, she revolted in the prison and died as a soldier - fighting.
Though Abbakka has been admired and worshipped in the local folk forms, it is very recently there there have been efforts to honour her memory.
As a result of these efforts the Karnatka Government has erected a statue of the Queen in the city of Bangalore. IGNCA is making a documentary on Abbakka Rani, incorporating the folk myth.
Shri Kailash Kr. Mishra is a Research Fellow, in Janpada Sampada and is involved in the documentary Project on Abbakka.
The author expresses his sincere thanks to Prof. Vasantha Madhava, Prof. Amrut Someshwar, Prof. B.A. Vivek Rai, Dr. Wahab Doddamane, Dr. Nandavar and Shri Bharatadri, for the inputs they gave on Abbakka Rani.
ಮೂಡಬಿದರೆ ಬಗೆಗೆ ಹಿಂದೂ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಯ ಲೇಖನ
Moodbidri — woods of yore
GOWRI RAMNARAYAN
"I'M going to see the Jain basadis tomorrow," said the participant ata heritage seminar at Manipal. The light in his eyes came not from aconservationist's curiosity, but a pilgrim's devotion. It inspiredyou to undertake a similar, shorter trip to see the monuments of acreed that some scholars trace back to Harappa and Mohenjadaro.
With asceticism and ahimsa as its ideals (inspiring the Buddha?),Jainism is identified with metaphysical reflexivity anduncompromising ethics. Reduced to a minority through centuries ofreligious persecution, Jains are best known today for their businessacumen and practice of charity. The national anthem names them, butthis country knows little about Jain culture past and present.
The two-hour drive from Manipal (35 km from Mangalore) offers ampletime to recall that Jainism sees God as Infinite Knowledge,Perception, Consciousness and Joy. The universe has no beginning, noend. As the yugas roll on, the 24 tirthankaras (Fjord Makers) teachhumanity to reach moksha by burning up the karma of innumerable birthcycles, Parshvanatha (877-777 B.C.) and Mahavira (599-527 B.C.) beingsuch archetypal guides in the present age. The five-fold mantraoffers obeisance not to God, but to perfected beings (Arahanta),liberated souls (Siddha), masters (Acharya), teachers (Upadhyaya),virtue seekers (Sadhus). Individuals must find release through theirown efforts, not through divine intervention.
Unrelenting austerity? But did it not spark awesome creativity inarchitecture, sculpture, painting and poetry? Ancient tongues Tamiland Prakrit are rich with literary contributions from the Jain monks.Shravanabelagola (Karnataka), Palitana (Gujarat), Bawangaja (MadhyaPradesh), Shikharjin Madhuban (Bihar) stun the eye with theirmagnificence.
GOWRI RAMNARAYAN
"I'M going to see the Jain basadis tomorrow," said the participant ata heritage seminar at Manipal. The light in his eyes came not from aconservationist's curiosity, but a pilgrim's devotion. It inspiredyou to undertake a similar, shorter trip to see the monuments of acreed that some scholars trace back to Harappa and Mohenjadaro.
With asceticism and ahimsa as its ideals (inspiring the Buddha?),Jainism is identified with metaphysical reflexivity anduncompromising ethics. Reduced to a minority through centuries ofreligious persecution, Jains are best known today for their businessacumen and practice of charity. The national anthem names them, butthis country knows little about Jain culture past and present.
The two-hour drive from Manipal (35 km from Mangalore) offers ampletime to recall that Jainism sees God as Infinite Knowledge,Perception, Consciousness and Joy. The universe has no beginning, noend. As the yugas roll on, the 24 tirthankaras (Fjord Makers) teachhumanity to reach moksha by burning up the karma of innumerable birthcycles, Parshvanatha (877-777 B.C.) and Mahavira (599-527 B.C.) beingsuch archetypal guides in the present age. The five-fold mantraoffers obeisance not to God, but to perfected beings (Arahanta),liberated souls (Siddha), masters (Acharya), teachers (Upadhyaya),virtue seekers (Sadhus). Individuals must find release through theirown efforts, not through divine intervention.
Unrelenting austerity? But did it not spark awesome creativity inarchitecture, sculpture, painting and poetry? Ancient tongues Tamiland Prakrit are rich with literary contributions from the Jain monks.Shravanabelagola (Karnataka), Palitana (Gujarat), Bawangaja (MadhyaPradesh), Shikharjin Madhuban (Bihar) stun the eye with theirmagnificence.
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